Participle clauses
present and past participle clauses; negative participle clauses; having + past participle for earlier events; active and passive meanings in reduced relative clauses; concise formal alternatives to full clauses.
1. _____ the final safety check, the engineer authorised the launch.
Multiple Choice20sAHaving completed✓BCompletedCHaving completeDTo completing💡 Having + past participle makes it clear that the check was completed before authorisation.
2. A past participle clause normally has passive meaning.
True / False20sTrue ✓False💡 A phrase such as built in 1890 corresponds to which was built in 1890.
3. Use know in a negative present participle clause: _____ the local language, we asked the guide to translate the announcement.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedNot knowing💡 Not + present participle forms a negative active participle clause.
4. Which participle clause correctly replaces 'The theatre, which was built in 1890, has reopened'?
Multiple Choice20sABuilt in 1890, the theatre has reopened.✓BBuilding in 1890, the theatre has reopened.CHaving build in 1890, the theatre has reopened.DBuilt the theatre in 1890 has reopened.💡 Built is a past participle with passive meaning.
5. Match each full clause to its concise participle equivalent.
Matching30sBecause she felt unwell→Feeling unwellBecause he did not understand→Not understandingAfter they had finished the audit→Having finished the auditThe documents which were signed yesterday→The documents signed yesterdayThe people who are waiting outside→The people waiting outside💡 The participle forms preserve active, negative, earlier or passive meanings.
6. Use miss in a perfect participle clause: _____ the last bus, Priya had to walk home.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedHaving missed💡 Having missed marks an action completed before the later walk home.
7. Put the chunks in order to make a sentence with an introductory participle clause.
Put in Order30s- 1.Feeling
- 2.increasingly tired,
- 3.the hikers
- 4.stopped for
- 5.a rest.
💡 Feeling increasingly tired gives the reason for the hikers' action.
8. Which phrase can replace 'the students who are waiting in reception'?
Multiple Choice20sAthe students waiting in reception✓Bthe students waited in receptionCthe students having wait in receptionDthe students being waited in reception💡 A present participle reduces an active relative clause.
9. To show that one action happened earlier, use having + present participle.
True / False20sTrueFalse ✓💡 The perfect participle form is having + past participle.
10. Use locate in a passive participle clause: _____ on a remote island, the research station receives supplies only once a month.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedLocated💡 Located is a past participle expressing the passive idea that the station is positioned there.
11. Which sentence has a participle clause whose understood subject clearly matches the main subject?
Multiple Choice20sAWalking through the market, I noticed a familiar face.✓BWalking through the market, the rain began.CHaving read the report, the conclusion seemed obvious.DDriving to work, a tree blocked the road.💡 The person walking is the main-clause subject I, so the sentence is logically well formed.
12. Match each participle construction to its meaning.
Matching30sleaving the building→active actionnot expecting a reply→negative active meaningdamaged in transit→passive meaninghaving checked the figures→earlier completed actionthe road leading north→active reduced relative clause💡 The form of the participle signals active, negative, passive or prior meaning.
13. Use overlook in a reduced relative clause: We booked a room _____ the harbour.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedoverlooking💡 Overlooking is a present participle with active meaning, reducing which overlooked.
14. Participle clauses are generally more concise and more formal than equivalent full clauses.
True / False20sTrue ✓False💡 The reference presents them as a concise form often used in more formal contexts.
15. Which sentence correctly makes an earlier negative action clear?
Multiple Choice20sANot having received a reply, I sent a reminder.✓BHaving not receive a reply, I sent a reminder.CNot received a reply, I sent a reminder.DNot having receiving a reply, I sent a reminder.💡 Not + having + past participle expresses an earlier action that did not happen.
16. Reorder the chunks to make a passive participle clause.
Put in Order30s- 1.Designed
- 2.for coastal weather,
- 3.the bridge
- 4.can withstand
- 5.strong winds.
💡 Designed is a past participle with passive meaning and modifies the bridge.
17. Use delay in a perfect passive participle clause: _____ by severe weather, the flight finally departed three hours late.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedHaving been delayed💡 Having been + past participle expresses an earlier passive event.
18. Which reduced clause means 'employees who work remotely'?
Multiple Choice20sAemployees working remotely✓Bemployees worked remotelyCemployees having been remotelyDemployees to working remotely💡 The present participle has active meaning and can replace who work.
19. 'Born in Madrid, the accent sounded unfamiliar' is well formed because the accent was born in Madrid.
True / False20sTrueFalse ✓💡 The understood subject of the participle clause must match the main-clause subject.
20. Use work in an active participle clause: _____ from home three days a week, Priya saves a great deal of commuting time.
Fill the Gap20sAcceptedWorking💡 Working is a present participle introducing an active reason or circumstance.